ℹ️ How works an Elastic Token?

👨‍🏫 Introduction

Altered, is a cryptocurrency with a quite unique feature. Its supply is elastic and can change every day while the ownership of the ALTE tokens is never diluted.

When it comes to money, having an elastic supply allows for printing new money or removing money from the circulation depending on the demand.

• Fiat currencies: US Dollar are good examples of money with an elastic supply as the FED can decide to print more money if there is more demand for it.

• Bitcoin: supply is fixed and the only way to accommodate the increase in demand is for the price to go up. Constant price changes can be quite problematic, especially when it comes to denominating things like services, contracts or debt.

So even though elastic money supply can be quite useful to achieve price stability it comes with a certain problem – dilution.

When the FED increases the supply of dollars by printing new money that money is put into the circulation, diluting everyone else’s proportion of the total supply of dollars basically making them poorer.

Imagine the following situation: let’s say the FED prints an extra 5% of the total supply of US dollars to meet an increase in demand.

This extra 5% would be proportionally distributed across all the accounts holding USD, so if you had $1000 in your bank account, after the supply change you would end up with $1050.

That scenario would make the US Dollar non-dilutive as your proportion of the overall supply of dollars would remain the same after the adjustment.

✅ Altered Solution:

• Bitcoin is inelastic and non-dilutive.

• Fiat money such as USD is elastic but dilutive.

Altered is both elastic and non-dilutive, so even though the number of your ALTE tokens can change automatically, you’ll always own the same proportion of the overall supply.

This means that if you held 1% of all ALTE tokens before a rebasing event, you would still hold the same percentage of coins after the rebasing

By having this unique feature, Altered tries to solve the following problems:

• Inelasticity Problem: Fixed-supply cryptocurrencies are vulnerable to sudden shocks in demand that make denominating things harder.

• Diversification Problem: Today’s cryptocurrencies are tightly correlated. ALTE’s unique incentives, in theory, allow it to decouple from Bitcoin’s price pattern.

🤔 How Does Altered Work?

Altered operates a stablecoin called ALTE, and it adjusts the supply of ALTE managed by the software daily to maintain price parity with the U.S. dollar.

In practice, this means that anyone who owns ALTE tokens will see the balance in their wallets change each day. In order to adjust the ALTE supply correctly, the protocol must know the price of ALTE and whether it has diverged from the U.S. dollar.

As a result of ALTE’s design, the supply of coins will exist in three states:

• EXPANSION – The price of ALTE is greater than $1, and thus new tokens need to be introduced to the ALTE economy.

Alice buys 1 ALTE for $1. As demand for ALTE suddenly increases, 1 ALTE is now worth $2 which is above our target price of $1.009. In this case, the Altered protocol will seek a price-supply equilibrium by increasing the supply of ALTE, so Alice ends up with 2 ALTE each worth $1.

• CONTRACTION – The price of ALTE is less than $1, leading to the removal of tokens.

Alice buys 1 ALTE for $1 and due to a decrease in demand, the price of ALTE drops to $0.5, the system will reduce the supply of ALTE. So Alice ends up with 0.5 ALTE worth $0.5 as the price of 1 ALTE reverts back to $1.

• EQUILIBRIUM – The price of 1 ALTE is around $1.

Equilibrium is the only state where the algorithm doesn’t seek to increase or decrease the supply of ALTE. This is basically a state where there is no need to do anything as the current price is within range of the target price.

📖 Summary

Expansion and contraction are achieved automatically by a rebase function in the protocol. Every day the rebase function can be called. The function makes use of price oracles to get the target price and the current price of ALTE or to be precise a 24h volume-weighted average price.

If the current price of ALTE is within 5% of the target price the algorithm classifies the state as equilibrium and doesn’t change the supply of ALTE.

If the current price is above the target price [+ 5%*target price] the supply expands and if the current price is below the target price [- 5%*target price] the supply contracts.

As an example, if the current price of ALTE is $1.10 and the price target is $1.009 the system is in the expansion state as[$1.009 + $1.009 * 5% = 1.05945], and $1.10 is higher than the max price that can still qualify as equilibrium.

The percentage that is used in the rebase function is also called the equilibrium threshold and it’s one of the 2 main parameters in the Altered protocol. The second parameter represents a smoothing factor also called a dampening factor.

The dampening factor is used to avoid sharp supply changes. Currently, the protocol spreads the supply change over a period of 10 days.

This means that if, for example, the rebase function results in a 50% expansion that 50% would be spread over 10 days, so it would result in a 5% supply increase on the day when the rebase function is called.

The rebase function is executed no more than once every 24 hours. This operation is also stateless, meaning that the protocol has no memory of the previous day’s supply change, so it has to recompute the potential supply change every day based on the latest information.

🛣 Use Cases

The unique incentives, movement pattern, and monetary qualities of ALTE make it ideally suited for the following near, medium, and long-term use cases.

📋 Comparing Key Features

	ALTE	BTC	USD	DAI
Rules-Based	✅	✅	❌	✅
Elastic	✅	❌	✅	✅
Bankless	✅	✅	❌	❌
Non-Dilutive	✅	✅	❌	❌
Speculative	✅	✅	❌	❌